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Friday, 5 August 2011

Ioc -Ninject

Posted on 00:46 by Unknown
Related posts:

  • IoC Definitie

  • Ninject
  • Unity
  • Windsor
  • Autofac
  • Structure Map
  • MEF

  • Concluzie
Cu toți am auzit de IoC, dependency injection și toate nebuniile legate de ele.

Într-un post anterior am definit Ioc (http://vunvulearadu.blogspot.com/2010/11/ioc-dependency-injection-teorie.html) și am prezentat în cîteva cuvinte Ioc. In funcție de cum o sa îmi permită timpul vreau sa trec peste mai multe framework-uri de acest gen.

Iar apoi vreau sa compar aceste framework-uri și sa vedem plusurile și minusurile la fiecare.

In toate exemplele pe care urmează sa le dau o sa folosim următorul model de date:

interface IComputeService

{

public int Calculate(int value);

}

class ComputeService : IComputerService

{

public ComputerService(int state) { }

public int Calculate(int value) { }

}

interface IOrderService

{

public int GetTotal();

}

class OrderService

{

public OrderService(IComputerService computerService) { }

public int GetTotal() { }

}

Astăzi vreau sa incep sa vorbesc despre Ninject (http://ninject.org/).

Partea de instalare se face destul de ușor, trebuie copiate assembly-urile local și adăugate la proiect (acest lucru este comun cam la toate framework-urile).

Pentru a înregistra un obiect în container Ninject ne pune la dispoziție clasa StandardKernel prin intermediul căruia o sa avem acces la container. Configurarea se va face folosind paternul fluent (http://vunvulearadu.blogspot.com/search/label/Fluent%20interface%20pattern).

var standardKernel = new StandardKernel()

standardKernel

.Bind<IComputeService>()

.To<ComputeService>()

.WithConstructorArgument("state",0);

Mai sus am inregistrat servicul ComputeService. Dupa cum se poate observa este destul de usor sa specificam parametri la constructor. Pentru a obtine o valoare din container ajunge sa apelam metoda Get.

var computeService = standardKernel.Get<IComputeService>();

Partea interesanta apare in momentul in care vrem sa obtinem o instanta a obiectului IOrderService. Chiar daca acest serviciu nu este înregistrat, Ninject poate sa detecteze cine implementeaza aceast serviciu si sa il rezolve.

var orderService = standardKernel.Get<IOrderService>();

Pe langa acest lucru Ninject este destul de destept sa rezolve si constructorul care accepta ca si parametru o instanta la obiectul IComputeService. In cazul in care avem mai multe implementari pentru acelasi serviciu Ninject nu sa poata rezolva singur IOrderService si trebuie configurat manual.

Dar ce se întîmpla dacă avem mai multi constructori? In acest caz este nevoie as ii specificam constructorul pe care as îl folosească. Acest lucru se poate face prin intermediul atributului Inject.

class OrderService

{

public OrderService() { }

[Inject]

public OrderService(IComputerService computerService) { }

public OrderService(IComputerService computerService, IDbContext dbContext) { }

public int GetTotal() { }

}

In acest caz, constructorul care primeste in singur parametru va fi folosit de catre Ninject pentru a crea o noua instana pentru OrderService. Pentru propietatiile la care vrem sa injectam valoarea, trebuie sa folosim acelasi atribut (Inject). In cazul in care tipul obiectului este deja mapat in container nu mai este nevoie sa specificam ce valoare vrem sa injectam. Ce trebuie insa retinut este ca ordinea in care se seteaza propietatiile nu se poate seta, o sa fie stabilita la runtime. Acelasi lucru se poate face și pe field-uri si/sau propietati, chiar daca sunt publice sau private (nu are importanta).

class OrderService

{

[Inject]

public IComputeService ComputeService {get;set;}

[Inject]

public IDbContext DbContext {get;set;}

}

...

standardKernel

.Bind<IComputeService>()

.To<ComputerService>()

.WithPropertyValue("DbContext", new DbContext());

Proprietatea ComputerService o sa fie automat rezolvata din cauza ca este deja mapata în container, nu este nevoie sa specificam maparea. Metodele decorate cu Inject o sa fie apelate in momentul cand se containerul creaza o noua instanta a obiectului mapat. Este foarte utiliza aceasta functionalitate

Ca orice framework de acest tip putem sa controlam durata de viata a unui obiect din container. Valorile disponibile sunt:

  • Singleton - o singura instanta a obiectului per "process";
  • Transient - la fiecare apel se va genera o instanta noua (setare implicita);
  • Thread - instanta unica pe thread;
  • Request - instanta unica pe web request;
Pentru fiecare opțiuni avem cate o metoda:

standardKernel

.Bind<IComputeService>()

.To<ComputeService>()

.WithConstructorArgument("state",0)

.InSingletonScope();

Acuma vine o întrebare destul de naturala, cum configuram Ninject prin intermediul unui fișier de configurare. Vestea proasta este ca în acest moment acest lucru nu se poate face. Ninject poate sa fie configurat doar din cod.
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